Rahul Das

Introduction to Git and Github!

Git is a version control system used to see and access different versions(history) of a file or directory.

Github is a Git repository hosting service/site and it an open-source platform where we can create and host multiple projects.

GIT COMMANDS-

  • Git keeps track of the changes made to the files or directories.

  • Check the latest version by typing git --version on Git or Cmd.

  • $cat filename1

    • This command is used to view files and to create them.
    • It also shows all the changes made to the file in the past.

  • $diff filename1 filename2

    • This command compares two files and shows the difference between the two.

  • $diff -u filename1 filename2

    • It shows the difference between the two files/directories with some context(In unified format).

  • $wdiff

    • Highlight the words that have changed in a file.

  • $diff -u old_file new_file > change.diff

    • With this command, we are generating a file(change.diff) with the changes between the two files.
    • The > symbol redirects the output of the diff command to a file(change.diff).

  • $patch filename.py < filename.diff

    • Patch takes a file generated by diff and applies the changes to the original file.

I had some problems using the patch command that comes with MSYS2 on Windows. In my case, both the source file and the patch had CRLF line-ending, and converting both to LF didn't work either. What worked was the following:

$ dos2unix patch-file.patch
$ patch -p1 < patch-file.patch
$ unix2dos modified-files...
  • $cp file1.py file2.py
    • cp command is used to create a copy of a file.
    • In this case, file2.py is the copied version of file1(original file).

Now setting up the global configuration for the git bash:- - $git config --global user.email “example@gmail.com” - $git config --global user.name “example” - Here the (--global) flag is used to set the above values for all git repositories.

Let’s get started with Git : - We can create a folder using mkdirfolder1.−Thiswillcreateafoldernamefolder1.−Nowfoldercanbeinitializedby‘ mkdir folder1. - This will create a folder name folder1. - Now folder can be initialized by `git initcommand or we can clone the project using$git clone website.com` command.

A single task can be done in multiple commands and that’s why future typed commands without description can be Googled! - $cd folderName - $ls -la - $ls -l .git/ - $git add. - This will add all files to the staging area. - To add specific files just add file names with spaces : - $git add file1 file2

Staging Area:

A file maintained by Git that contains all of the information about what files and changes are going to go into the next commit.

  • $git status
    • To see if files are in the staging area or not.
  • $git commit
    • To commit the files and write the commit message in the editor.
    • To commit without opening the editor
      • $git commit -m “message”
  • $git config -l
    • It lists all configurations of the Git.
  • $touch filename
    • To create a new file